| Jul. 31, 2004
URBAN OUTLOOK
Auto-pilot growth
Mad about lost trees, jammed schools,
clogged streets?
MARY NEWSOM
If you're like most of us, you don't think much about development --
until ...
Until bulldozers rumble in to uproot the trees next door, and then mud
from the clear-cut lot slides into your neighborhood creek. Until a mobile
village sprouts at your kid's school. Until a trip to the store that once
took 10 minutes now takes 30 because of traffic.
Then you gripe about City Council. Why do the politicians keep
approving those subdivisions?
Here's the dirty little secret most people don't get: Those
subdivisions don't need Charlotte City Council's approval. They could get
built if the whole council took a two-year, round-the-world cruise. The
growth is on auto-pilot.
Look around. Every undeveloped lot, every spot of woods, every cow
pasture in Charlotte and unincorporated Mecklenburg County is already
zoned for three-houses-per-acre subdivisions -- R-3 -- unless it's zoned
for even more development. No vote needed unless someone wants a higher
zoning.
The land's fate was sealed years ago, in an era when politicians here
believed all growth was good and that all growth paid for itself through
higher tax revenues. Protect farms? Whatever for? Trees? We have enough.
Parks? Can't spend money on them or we'd have to raise taxes.
In planning decisions dating to the 1960s, the City Council and
Mecklenburg County commissioners zoned all undeveloped land for
suburban-style development. Unlike Davidson and Huntersville, in Charlotte
and unincorporated Mecklenburg County no zoning categories exist for land
conservation or farmland protection.
A 1992 rewrite of the city-county zoning ordinance jettisoned the last
of the old rural -- RU -- zoning for unincorporated Mecklenburg. But even
RU zoning allowed roughly two houses an acre, an anti-rural recipe
virtually guaranteeing sprawl and farmland loss.
So if you have enough land, you can breeze down to the planning
department and, if you meet all subdivision rules, build hundreds of
houses, three per acre, clogging schools and streets and straining city
services. No permission needed from elected officials.
To be fair, there are some reasons to set up zoning this way: Better
for the tax base to have growth inside Mecklenburg, planners would say.
When you set aside undeveloped land in a growing area, the building that
might have gone there just goes farther out. Further, it would be
unconstitutional to remove all development rights from someone's
property, and most attempts at reducing zoning ignite firestorms of
protest.
But in a city and county staggering from growth -- where school
building lags by decades, parks are inadequate, street pavement is
crumbling and we need more police -- how smart is it to put so much growth
on auto-pilot?
Building more bridges
After I wrote about bridges July 17, proposing that we in Charlotte
come up with a project to design and build beautiful bridges in the
greenways, I've noticed news about bridges elsewhere.
Chicago's new Millennium Park, just opened with a bandshell designed by
architect Frank Gehry, includes a pedestrian bridge. The Wall Street
Journal's Joel Henning writes:
"Adjacent to his music pavilion is Mr. Gehry's sinuous pedestrian
bridge over Columbus Drive linking Millennium and Grant parks that doubles
as a traffic noise barrier. This, even more than the flamboyant,
delightful bouquet of steel panels that makes up the music pavilion, is
the real show-stopper here. The stainless steel bridge is elegant and
graceful when viewed from the skyscrapers to the west, while from its
wooden walkway, strollers get the unexpected pleasure of seeing Mr.
Gehry's billowing pavilion design from treetop height."
The park was able to hire major architects and artists because a CEO,
Sara Lee's John Bryan, adopted the project and rounded up private
donations worth millions.
Maybe Charlotte's corporations could take up a similar challenge here.
Mary Newsom |